Chapter 8

Arjuna uvacha

Kim tad-brahma kim adhyatmam kim karma purusottama

             Adhibhutam cha kim proktam adhidaivam kim uchyate

Arjuna asked ‘Purushotaman, what is Bramn?  What is  Adhyataman? What is Karma?  What is Known as Adhibhoot and what is called Adfaidev?

(1)

 Adhiyajnah katham ko tra dehe smin madhusudana

                  Prayana-kale cha katham jneyo si niyatatmabhih

Madhusudan what is ‘Adhiyagya’? And how is it in the body?  And in what manner you are known to the resourceful Devatees?

(2)

  Sri bhagavan uvacha

Aksaram brahma paramam suabhavo dhyatmam uchyate

             Bhuta-bhavodbhava-karo visargah karma-samjnitah

Lord Almighty said, “Almighty, the Supreme is ‘Brahma’.  And the soul, in the body is known as Adhyatman.  The creation of the almighty in the form of all beings and which is without any selfish motive is known a ‘Karma’.

(3)

Adhibhutam ksaro bhavah purusas chadhidaivatam

                  Adhiyajno ham evatra dehe deha-bhrtam vara

 All the being that are born and which die are know as Adhibut. And the core ‘atmam’ in the body is Adhidut.  Great among hunan beings, Arjuna, I the omnipresent Vasudeva all pervading in the body is know as adhiyagya.

(4)

 Anta-kale cha mam eva smaran muktva kalevaram

Yah prayati sa mad-bhavam yati nasty atra samsayah

 The person who remembers me even in the end of his life and leaves the body while remembering me, in fact, Attains ME.  There is no doubt about this.

(5)

 Yam yam vapi smaran bhavam tyajaty ante kalevaram

                Tam tam evaiti kaunteya sada tad-bhava-bhavitah

Kuntiputra Arjun, at the end at the human life, whichever aspects are remembered by the dying man, be assumes the same in his next birth.  The simple reason for this is that he has remained influenced with the particular aspect throughout his life.

(6)

 Tasmat sarvesu kalesu mam anusmara yudhya cha

Mayy arpita-mano buddhir mam evaisyasy asamsayah

 Therefore, Arjun, all the time you only remember ME and you must also fight.  In this manner through the battle which you will dedicate to me with mind and wisdome you will only assume my form.

(7)

 Abhyasa-yoga-yuktena Chetasa nanya-gamind

Paramam purusam divyam yati parthanuchintayan

 Parth, It is a law of nature that the person who practices yoga with concentrate mind continuously eventually achieve the all brightness incarnate the prime soul.

(8)

 Kavim puranam anusasitaram

                               Anor aniyamsam anusmared yah

Sarvasya dhataram achintya-rupam

                               Aditya-varnam tamasah Parastat

The person who always remembers the Almighty who redes with justice, who is minutest among the minutes, and who creates and substaing all beings and who eminates light like the sun, and is beyond knowledge and remembers the omnipresent almighty.

(9)

Prayana-kale manasa calena

                                  Bhaktya yukto yoga-balena chaiva

    Bhruvor madhye pranam avesya samyak

                              Sa tam param purusam upaiti divyam

That devoted human being in his last times concentrates his mind in the midst of forehead and with a calm and peaceful continence remember ME and become one with ME.

(10)

Yad aksaram veda-vido vadanti

                                     Visanti yad yatayo vita-ragah

    Yad icchanto brahmacharyam charanti

                                  Tat te padam sangrahena pravaksye

The knowledgeable persons who understand the Vedas and call that          prime divine order the unprisha-ble and the seekers desiring to attain this practice celibacy, I will briefly explain to you this devine order.

(11)

 Sarva-dvarani samyamya mano hrdi-nirudhya cha

                Murdhny adhayatmanah pranam asthito yoga-dharanam

         Om ity ekaksaram brahma vyaharan mam anusmaran

                Yah prayati tyajan deham sa yati paramam gatim

Controlling all the senses and making the mind in meditative mood, and fixing the ‘Prana’ – the life force with the concoured mind in the forehead, and keep on chanting ‘am’ the one world signifying the universe and meditating on my form, the person who leave the body while embracing the end infact he attains salvation.

(12-13)

 Ananya-chetah satatam yo mam smarati nityasah

Tasyaham sulabhah partha nitya-yuktasya yoginah

 Arjun the person whose mind is always full of thoughts about Me and is engaged in remembering me and my manifestations I am indeed easily approachable to him or he achieve me without any difficulty.

(14)

 Mam upetya punar janma duhkhalayam asasvatam

Napnuvanti mahatmanah samsiddhim paramam gatah

 The sages who have achieved prime ‘siddiv’ attains my form and are       eventually free of this world of sorrow and are not born again.

(15)

  Abrahma-bhuvanal lokah punar avartino rjuna

Mam upetya tu kaunteya punar janma na vidyate

 Arjun all lokas including the Brahmlok move into the cycle of birth and death but he who attains Me becomes free from this cycle because while all these lokas due to their limited time duration are temporary, I being out of these time limits am    immortal.

(16)

 Sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmano viduh

                  Ratrim yuga-sahasrantam te ho-ratra-vido janah

One day of Brahma is equal to one thousand cycles ofthe four yogas  Satvn and one mights is also equal to one thousand yogas.  Persons who understand it in perspective are, in fact, aware of the basic nature of time.

(17)

 Avyaktad vyaktayah sarvah prabhavanty ahar-agame

                 Ratry-agame praliyante tatraivavyakta-samjnake

All the living being in the beginning of the day of the Brahma emerge from the minute form of Brahma and inthe night merge into the same minute form.

(18)

 Bhuta-gramah sa evayam bhutva bhutva praliyate

Ratry-agame vasah partha prabhavaty ahar-agame

 Parth, these very living beings repeatedly is born and merged and is born again.

(19)

 Paras tasmat tu bhavo nyo vyakto vyaktat sanatanah

                 Yah sa sarvesu bhutesu nasyatsu na vinasyati

The form which is beyond.  The form described above and which is beyond explanation cannot be destroyed even when all else is finished.

(20)

 Avyakto ksara ity uktas tam ahuh pramam gatim

Yam prapya na nivartante tad dhama paramam mama

 What is known as a word beyond description or explanation and is in fact immortal inexplicable attribute is my prime abode and people who affair it do not need to come back again.

(21)

Purusah sa parah partha bhaktya labhyas tv ananyaya

                Yasyantahsthani bhutani yena sarvam idam tatam

Parth, the Almighty in which all the beings are present and the Almighty that pervades the whole of the universe is achievable only by man through his wholehearted devotion.

(22)

 Yatra kale tv anavrttim avrttim chaiva yoginah

Prayata yanti tam kalam vaksyami bharatarsabha

 Arjun now I will explain to you the time in which if a person passes away from this world comes back or he does not.

(23)

 Agnir jyotir ahah suklah san-masa uttarayanam

Tatra prayata gacchanti brahma brahma-vido janah

 The path in which jyotirmay fire-lord or the lord of the morning and the lord of Shuklapaksha or the six months of vltarayama do not come back to this world but are merged with the almighty

(24)

 Dhumo ratris tatha krsnah san-masa daksinayanam

                 Tatra chandramasam jyotir yogi prapya nivartate

And the path of Dhubhimani Devta and the lord of the Night or the Krishna Paksh Abhimani Devta, people who traverse this path being desirous of the fruits of their labour by virtue of  path destined by these demigods realising the light of the Moon come back to this world after depletion of the fruits of their good deeds.

(25)

 Sukla-krsne gati hy ete jagatah sasvate mate

                        Ekaya yaty anavrttim anyayavartate punah

Because these two different paths of gati, after death i.e. Shukla and Krishna or Deyayan and Pitrupayan are considered the immortal or unchangeable one.  Between these two one leads to the salvation so that the person does not come back while other lead to the life-birth cycle or retwng to the world

(26)

 Naite srti partha janan yogi muhyati kaschana

                      Tasmat sarvesu kalesu yoga-yukto bhavarjuna

Parth, the person who understands there two routes from the core does not fall prey to the worldly illusions.  Therefore, Arjun, at all the time, practising equivocation attitude and working out ways and means to attain my status.

(27)

Vedesu yajnesu tapahsu chaiva

        Danesu yat punya-phalam pradistam

                                   Atyeti tat sarvam idam viditva

      Yogi param sthanam upaiti chadyam

 The person who understand this secret knowledge and who goes beyond the perceptions of the fruits of good deeds like yajna, donation taps and attains Me.

(28)

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